In an era where technology evolves at an unprecedented pace, the legal frameworks often struggle to keep up. Ryan Calo’s seminal work, Law and Technology: A Methodical Approach, offers a structured methodology for analyzing and regulating emerging technologies. This approach is particularly pertinent for Bangladesh, a nation experiencing rapid digital transformation, to ensure that technological…
The Personal Data Protection Ordinance (PDPO) 2025 represents a landmark in Bangladesh’s journey toward a rights-based digital governance framework. Rooted in the principle that individuals are the rightful owners of their personal data, the Ordinance mirrors many features of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—the global benchmark for data privacy—while adapting them to local…
The language of law and policy is fundamentally one of instruction, dictating duties, granting powers, and setting boundaries. In this high-stakes environment, clarity is not merely a virtue; it is a foundational requirement for enforceability and justice. For decades, one word—shall—has plagued this system, standing as the single greatest source of ambiguity in legal texts….
The rigorous demands for precision in statutes, regulations, and policy instruments mean that the choice between modal verbs is rarely trivial, as it directly determines the enforceability, scope, and interpretation of the document’s provisions. However, the legacy use of formal or archaic variants, particularly shall, has historically introduced significant ambiguity, leading to extensive judicial clarification…
Today’s labor market is being reshaped by a rare convergence of forces—technological disruption, demographic shifts, economic volatility, and changing worker expectations. For leaders and employees alike, the reality is clear: there is no longer a “steady state.” Work is in constant motion. Generative and Agentic AI: From Tools to Teammates Artificial intelligence is no longer…
The book Pakistan Crisis (1971) by David Loshak offers a sobering reminder of how the denial of democracy and systemic exploitation can transform a divided society into a battlefield. Loshak traces how Pakistan’s refusal to recognize the democratic verdict of 1970, coupled with decades of neglect and repression, pushed Bengalis to wage one of the…
As the workplace undergoes one of the most significant transformations in modern history, the rules of success are being rewritten. Technology, shifting global dynamics, and evolving employee expectations are reshaping how organizations operate. To thrive in this new paradigm, companies must go beyond reacting to change and instead develop resilience, agility, and a human-centered approach…
Generative AI has taken the world by storm. From writing essays and generating images to coding software and mimicking human voices, these tools are reshaping how we work, create, and communicate. But as we lean further into this AI-driven future, one critical question remains unresolved: who owns the content created by AI? This isn’t just…
Artificial intelligence is often propelled by tech giants, which can create unequal outcomes: centralized control, limited transparency, and misalignment with public interests. Cooperatives—democratically governed, community-owned entities—offer an inclusive alternative. According to Scholz and Tortorici, AI cooperatives “won’t outspend Big Tech, but they could offer a more viable, inclusive path for AI aligned with public interest”…
Reimagining Creativity and Expertise in the Age of Superintelligence Based on Points 4–6 of the Six Shifts in the Times of India Interview with Sam Altman As artificial intelligence (AI) evolves toward superintelligence, the nature of learning, work, and human contribution is undergoing profound change. In a recent interview, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman suggested that…