In an era where technology evolves at an unprecedented pace, the legal frameworks often struggle to keep up. Ryan Calo’s seminal work, Law and Technology: A Methodical Approach, offers a structured methodology for analyzing and regulating emerging technologies. This approach is particularly pertinent for Bangladesh, a nation experiencing rapid digital transformation, to ensure that technological…
The Personal Data Protection Ordinance (PDPO) 2025 represents a landmark in Bangladesh’s journey toward a rights-based digital governance framework. Rooted in the principle that individuals are the rightful owners of their personal data, the Ordinance mirrors many features of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—the global benchmark for data privacy—while adapting them to local…
The language of law and policy is fundamentally one of instruction, dictating duties, granting powers, and setting boundaries. In this high-stakes environment, clarity is not merely a virtue; it is a foundational requirement for enforceability and justice. For decades, one word—shall—has plagued this system, standing as the single greatest source of ambiguity in legal texts….
The rigorous demands for precision in statutes, regulations, and policy instruments mean that the choice between modal verbs is rarely trivial, as it directly determines the enforceability, scope, and interpretation of the document’s provisions. However, the legacy use of formal or archaic variants, particularly shall, has historically introduced significant ambiguity, leading to extensive judicial clarification…
Today’s labor market is being reshaped by a rare convergence of forces—technological disruption, demographic shifts, economic volatility, and changing worker expectations. For leaders and employees alike, the reality is clear: there is no longer a “steady state.” Work is in constant motion. Generative and Agentic AI: From Tools to Teammates Artificial intelligence is no longer…
The book Pakistan Crisis (1971) by David Loshak offers a sobering reminder of how the denial of democracy and systemic exploitation can transform a divided society into a battlefield. Loshak traces how Pakistan’s refusal to recognize the democratic verdict of 1970, coupled with decades of neglect and repression, pushed Bengalis to wage one of the…
As the workplace undergoes one of the most significant transformations in modern history, the rules of success are being rewritten. Technology, shifting global dynamics, and evolving employee expectations are reshaping how organizations operate. To thrive in this new paradigm, companies must go beyond reacting to change and instead develop resilience, agility, and a human-centered approach…
The United Nations’ recent adoption of a new resolution on AI governance is a historic step, but it’s not without its challenges. While it’s a monumental achievement to have a collective agreement on AI in a universal forum, experts are questioning whether the new mechanisms—the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and the Global…
The recent adoption of the UN AI Modalities Resolution (A/RES/79/325) is more than just a global headline—it’s a critical development that holds significant implications for Bangladesh’s own journey with artificial intelligence. This resolution aims to build a framework for AI governance that is ethical, safe, and truly beneficial for everyone, especially for countries in the…
The UN AI Modalities Resolution, adopted by consensus, marks a significant step toward establishing a framework for global AI governance. The resolution, A/RES/79/325, sets out the terms for two new institutional mechanisms aimed at steering AI development and deployment in a manner that is safe, ethical, and beneficial to all. However, as noted by Vidisha…